全文获取类型
收费全文 | 238232篇 |
免费 | 3474篇 |
国内免费 | 1998篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 121568篇 |
晶体学 | 3069篇 |
力学 | 11247篇 |
综合类 | 105篇 |
数学 | 26453篇 |
物理学 | 81262篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1838篇 |
2020年 | 2127篇 |
2019年 | 2372篇 |
2018年 | 3001篇 |
2017年 | 2915篇 |
2016年 | 4293篇 |
2015年 | 2742篇 |
2014年 | 4406篇 |
2013年 | 10655篇 |
2012年 | 8210篇 |
2011年 | 10139篇 |
2010年 | 7177篇 |
2009年 | 7124篇 |
2008年 | 9285篇 |
2007年 | 9213篇 |
2006年 | 8681篇 |
2005年 | 7863篇 |
2004年 | 7200篇 |
2003年 | 6345篇 |
2002年 | 6286篇 |
2001年 | 7288篇 |
2000年 | 5533篇 |
1999年 | 4392篇 |
1998年 | 3698篇 |
1997年 | 3539篇 |
1996年 | 3180篇 |
1995年 | 3034篇 |
1994年 | 2972篇 |
1993年 | 3037篇 |
1992年 | 3145篇 |
1991年 | 3292篇 |
1990年 | 3028篇 |
1989年 | 2971篇 |
1988年 | 2995篇 |
1987年 | 2906篇 |
1986年 | 2733篇 |
1985年 | 3760篇 |
1984年 | 3935篇 |
1983年 | 3119篇 |
1982年 | 3342篇 |
1981年 | 3280篇 |
1980年 | 3171篇 |
1979年 | 3291篇 |
1978年 | 3383篇 |
1977年 | 3318篇 |
1976年 | 3426篇 |
1975年 | 3109篇 |
1974年 | 3123篇 |
1973年 | 3166篇 |
1972年 | 2213篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 656 毫秒
41.
New Effects in the Poly-N-Vinylcaprolactam/Titanium(IV) Oxides Nanocomposite System and Their Nature
Nanocomposites based on poly-N-vinylcaprolactam (PVC), characterized by different drying temperatures of aqueous PVC solution at 25°С (PVC25) and 40°С (PVC40), with titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles (TONs) (η-phase (TP: TiO2 – x · mH2O) with a superstructure to the anatase structure and ordered solid solution with partial replacement of oxygen atoms in the η-phase with peroxo group O 2 2– (PP: TiO x (O2)2 – x · nH2O)) have been obtained for the first time and characterized by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. It is found that a common feature of TP/PVC and PP/PVC obtained by dry mixing and grinding is the decrease in the number of water molecules for TP and PP in the interlayer space of the structure and their attachment to the PVC amide groups; the differences are related to the specificity of PVC behavior in these systems: mechanodestruction of PVC in PP/PVC40 and different numbers of water molecules in PVC25 and PVC40. 相似文献
42.
Mesoscopic modeling at the pore scale offers great promise in exploring the underlying structure transport performance of flow through porous media. The present work studies the fluid flow subjected to capillarity-induced resonance in porous media characterized by different porous structure and wettability. The effects of porosity and wettability on the displacement behavior of the fluid flow through porous media are discussed. The results are presented in the form of temporal evolution of percentage saturation and displacement of the fluid front through porous media. The present study reveals that the vibration in the form of acoustic excitation could be significant in the mobilization of fluid through the porous media. The dependence of displacement of the fluid on physicochemical parameters like wettability of the surface, frequency along with the porosity is analyzed. It was observed that the mean displacement of the fluid is more in the case of invading fluid with wetting phase where the driving force strength is not so dominant. 相似文献
43.
吸附法是去除水中重金属离子的重要方法,开发新型吸附剂一直是研究热点.利用浸渍法和水热法制备了片状和无定形的纳米CeO2吸附剂,探讨其对六价铬的吸附性能,分析pH、吸附时间、六价铬初始浓度等因素对其吸附性能的影响,并通过循环吸附实验考察纳米CeO2吸附剂的再生能力.结果表明:厚度30 nm、直径大小约为400 nm的片状CeO2吸附剂具有更强的吸附能力和更快的吸附速率,80 min时基本达到吸附平衡;两种吸附剂的最佳吸附pH为3;吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学方程,Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型均能很好地拟合等温吸附过程,表明纳米CeO2对六价铬的吸附以单层吸附为主.片状CeO2四次吸附-解吸实验之后吸附率稍有下降,表明片状CeO2吸附剂有较好的再生能力,因而,该片状CeO2吸附剂适用于与酸性Cr(Ⅵ)废水的处理. 相似文献
44.
Qin Yin Shou-Guo Wang Xiao-Wei Liang De-Wei Gao Jun Zheng Shu-Li You 《Chemical science》2015,6(7):4179-4183
An organocatalytic asymmetric chlorinative dearomatization of naphthols was realized for the first time, providing chiral naphthalenones with a Cl-containing all-substituted stereocenter in excellent yields and enantioselectivity (up to 97% yield and 96% ee). The reaction features mild reaction conditions, good tolerance of diverse functional groups and simple reaction operation. 相似文献
45.
Pd0‐Catalyzed Intramolecular α‐Arylation of Sulfones: Domino Reactions in the Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydroisoquinolines 下载免费PDF全文
Prof.Dr. Daniel Solé Ferran Pérez‐Janer Dr. Raffaella Mancuso 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(12):4580-4584
A new strategy for the synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines based on the Pd0‐catalyzed intramolecular α‐arylation of sulfones is reported. The combination of this Pd‐catalyzed reaction with intermolecular Michael and aza‐Michael reactions allows the development of two‐ and three‐step domino processes to synthesize diversely functionalized scaffolds from readily available starting materials. 相似文献
46.
讨论一类非齐次非线性椭圆边界值问题.利用极大值原理证明了该问题解的梯度估计.作为它的应用得到了解的效率比估计. 相似文献
47.
48.
K.V. Stepurska О.О. Soldatkin I.S. Kucherenko V.M. Arkhypova S.V. Dzyadevych A.P. Soldatkin 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
This study was aimed at the development of a conductometric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase considering the feasibility of its application for the inhibitory analysis of various toxicants. In this paper, the optimum conditions for enzyme immobilization on the transducer surface are selected as well as the optimum concentration of substrate for inhibitory analysis. Sensitivity of the developed biosensor to different classes of toxic compounds (organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metal ions, surfactants, aflatoxin, glycoalkaloids) was tested. It is shown that the developed biosensor can be successfully used for the analysis of pesticides and mycotoxins, as well as for determination of total toxicity of the samples. A new method of biosensor analysis of toxic substances of different classes in complex multicomponent aqueous samples is proposed. 相似文献
49.
50.
Iodine(III)‐Catalyzed Rearrangements of Imides: A Versatile Route to α,α‐Dialkylated α‐Hydroxy Carboxylamides 下载免费PDF全文
Anna Ulmer Dr. Maciej Stodulski Stefanie V. Kohlhepp Christoph Patzelt Dr. Alexander Pöthig Dr. Wolfgang Bettray Dr. Tanja Gulder 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(4):1444-1448
A tertiary hydroxy group α to a carboxyl moiety comprises a key structural motif in many bioactive substances. With the herein presented metal‐free rearrangement of imides triggered by hypervalent λ3‐iodane, an easy and selective way to gain access to such a compound class, namely α,α‐disubstituted‐α‐hydroxy carboxylamides, was established. Their additional methylene bromide side chain constitutes a useful handle for rapid diversification, as demonstrated by a series of further functionalizations. Moreover, the in situ formation of an iodine(III) species under the reaction conditions was proven. Our findings clearly corroborate that hypervalent λ3‐benziodoxolones are involved in these organocatalytic reactions. 相似文献